UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025090806.upa.cvt Date: 0600Z 8 SEP 25 Searching for KMFR... Searching the city database file for: KMFR ... Date:0600Z 8 SEP 25 Station: KMFR WMO ident: 72597 Latitude: 42.37 Longitude: -122.87 Elevation: 405.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 131 SFC 970 405 23.2 10.2 44 13.0 15.2 330 5 298.9 300.4 289.6 322.7 8.07 2 968 423 23.6 10.6 44 13.0 15.5 326 6 299.5 301.0 290.0 324.0 8.31 3 941 664 22.2 9.2 43 13.0 14.3 288 12 300.5 302.0 289.8 323.5 7.78 4 925 810 20.8 9.8 49 11.0 14.0 310 9 300.6 302.1 290.3 324.9 8.24 5 850 1534 15.0 8.0 63 7.0 10.8 360 2 301.9 303.3 290.4 325.5 7.94 6 822 1817 12.6 7.6 72 5.0 9.6 66 2 302.2 303.7 290.6 326.0 7.99 7 790 2150 10.6 5.8 72 4.8 7.8 174 3 303.5 304.9 290.5 325.5 7.34 8 755 2526 7.6 5.6 87 2.0 6.5 152 7 304.2 305.7 290.9 327.0 7.58 9 754 2537 7.4 5.3 87 2.1 6.2 153 7 304.1 305.5 290.7 326.5 7.43 10 747 2614 7.0 5.2 88 1.8 6.0 165 8 304.5 305.9 290.8 326.9 7.44 11 704 3101 4.2 -0.2 73 4.4 2.0 180 15 306.6 307.6 289.7 323.1 5.36 12 701 3135 4.2 0.8 79 3.4 2.4 176 15 307.0 308.1 290.2 324.8 5.79 13 700 3147 4.2 0.5 77 3.7 2.2 175 15 307.1 308.2 290.1 324.5 5.67 14 696 3194 4.4 -1.6 65 6.0 1.4 177 14 307.9 308.8 289.6 323.0 4.89 15 692 3241 4.4 -2.6 60 7.0 1.0 179 14 308.4 309.2 289.5 322.6 4.57 16 663 3588 1.8 -3.2 69 5.0 -0.6 181 11 309.2 310.1 289.8 323.4 4.56 17 661 3612 2.2 -6.8 51 9.0 -1.8 181 11 310.0 310.6 289.0 320.9 3.47 18 657 3661 2.0 -9.0 44 11.0 -2.7 180 11 310.3 310.8 288.6 319.6 2.94 19 656 3673 2.2 -18.8 19 21.0 -4.9 180 11 310.6 310.9 287.1 315.0 1.32 20 652 3723 2.0 -20.0 18 22.0 -5.2 184 11 311.0 311.2 287.1 314.9 1.20 21 650 3747 2.0 -17.0 23 19.0 -4.7 186 11 311.2 311.5 287.5 316.3 1.55 22 648 3772 1.8 -12.2 35 14.0 -3.7 188 11 311.3 311.7 288.3 318.7 2.31 23 605 4322 -2.7 -11.7 50 9.0 -6.2 195 10 312.3 312.7 288.9 320.6 2.58 24 597 4427 -3.5 -13.5 46 10.0 -7.2 195 12 312.5 312.9 288.7 319.9 2.26 25 557 4971 -8.3 -14.3 62 6.0 -10.4 197 20 313.1 313.5 288.9 320.5 2.27 26 555 4999 -8.5 -15.5 57 7.0 -10.9 198 20 313.2 313.6 288.7 319.9 2.06 27 554 5013 -8.1 -21.1 34 13.0 -11.9 199 20 313.8 314.1 288.1 318.1 1.28 28 551 5055 -8.3 -22.3 31 14.0 -12.3 200 21 314.1 314.3 288.1 318.0 1.16 29 542 5183 -9.5 -22.5 34 13.0 -13.1 204 21 314.1 314.3 288.1 318.0 1.16 30 539 5225 -9.9 -18.9 48 9.0 -12.7 206 21 314.1 314.5 288.6 319.4 1.59 31 530 5355 -11.1 -17.1 61 6.0 -13.0 210 22 314.2 314.6 288.9 320.5 1.89 32 522 5472 -11.9 -18.9 56 7.0 -14.0 214 22 314.6 314.9 288.8 320.1 1.64 33 519 5516 -12.3 -18.3 61 6.0 -14.2 215 23 314.7 315.0 288.9 320.4 1.74 34 500 5800 -14.7 -18.8 71 4.1 -15.9 210 31 315.1 315.4 289.0 320.9 1.73 35 493 5907 -15.3 -19.0 73 3.7 -16.4 208 34 315.7 316.0 289.2 321.4 1.73 36 488 5983 -15.7 -21.7 60 6.0 -17.3 207 36 316.1 316.4 289.0 320.7 1.38 37 487 5999 -15.7 -22.7 55 7.0 -17.5 207 36 316.3 316.5 288.9 320.6 1.27 38 484 6045 -15.9 -23.9 50 8.0 -17.9 206 38 316.6 316.8 288.9 320.5 1.15 39 475 6187 -16.7 -23.7 55 7.0 -18.4 206 40 317.3 317.5 289.2 321.4 1.19 40 469 6282 -17.1 -24.1 55 7.0 -18.8 208 42 318.0 318.2 289.3 321.9 1.16 41 467 6314 -17.3 -28.3 38 11.0 -19.7 208 42 318.1 318.3 289.0 320.9 0.79 42 465 6346 -17.5 -24.5 54 7.0 -19.2 209 43 318.2 318.5 289.4 322.1 1.13 43 464 6362 -17.5 -25.5 50 8.0 -19.4 209 43 318.4 318.6 289.3 322.0 1.03 44 462 6394 -17.3 -22.3 65 5.0 -18.6 210 44 319.1 319.3 289.9 323.8 1.38 45 458 6460 -17.5 -20.8 75 3.3 -18.4 212 43 319.6 319.9 290.3 325.0 1.59 46 441 6742 -19.5 -19.7 98 0.2 -19.6 221 39 320.6 320.9 290.8 326.7 1.82 47 420 7103 -21.3 -23.4 83 2.1 -21.8 230 34 322.8 323.0 291.0 327.5 1.38 48 413 7226 -22.5 -24.9 81 2.4 -23.1 230 33 322.8 323.0 290.9 327.0 1.23 49 400 7460 -24.3 -25.9 87 1.6 -24.6 230 31 323.4 323.6 291.0 327.5 1.16 50 391 7626 -25.3 -26.5 90 1.2 -25.5 230 31 324.2 324.4 291.2 328.1 1.12 51 381 7813 -27.1 -29.8 78 2.7 -27.6 224 29 324.2 324.4 290.9 327.3 0.85 52 377 7890 -27.5 -29.3 85 1.8 -27.8 222 28 324.7 324.9 291.1 327.9 0.90 53 370 8024 -28.5 -30.3 84 1.8 -28.8 220 28 325.1 325.3 291.2 328.1 0.83 54 367 8083 -29.1 -30.9 84 1.8 -29.4 221 28 325.1 325.2 291.1 327.9 0.79 55 352 8380 -31.5 -33.6 82 2.1 -31.8 222 30 325.7 325.9 291.2 328.1 0.64 56 300 9490 -41.1 -43.5 78 2.4 -41.3 220 40 327.4 327.5 291.3 328.5 0.27 57 250 10700 -49.3 -59.3 30 10.0 -49.6 230 67 332.8 332.8 292.5 333.0 0.05 58 230 11242 -53.4 -61.6 36 8.2 -53.6 230 70 334.5 334.5 293.0 334.7 0.04 59 218 11585 -56.1 -63.1 41 7.0 -56.2 235 69 335.6 335.6 293.2 335.7 0.04 60 200 12140 -51.1 -73.1 6 22.0 -51.5 235 57 351.8 351.9 297.0 351.9 0.01 61 150 13990 -54.1 -82.1 2 28.0 -54.5 245 32 376.9 376.9 301.8 376.9 0.00 62 100 16560 -58.9 -84.9 2 26.0 -59.2 235 27 413.9 413.9 307.0 413.9 0.00 63 77 18195 -60.9 -86.9 2 26.0 -61.2 255 12 441.9 441.9 310.1 441.9 0.00 64 74 18443 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.9 224 11 449.9 449.9 310.8 449.9 0.00 65 70 18790 -61.1 -87.1 2 26.0 -61.4 120 8 453.7 453.7 311.2 453.7 0.00 66 69 18879 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -61.9 132 8 454.7 454.7 311.3 454.7 0.00 67 55 20289 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.7 330 2 490.6 490.7 314.2 490.7 0.00 68 54 20404 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 357 0 497.8 497.8 314.8 497.9 0.00 69 50 20890 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 260 3 508.9 508.9 315.6 508.9 0.00 70 48 21149 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.6 307 4 515.8 515.9 316.0 515.9 0.00 71 45 21558 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.7 25 8 522.5 522.5 316.5 522.6 0.00 72 36 22975 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.0 180 13 562.7 562.7 318.8 562.7 0.01 73 34 23341 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -55.0 230 10 578.3 578.3 319.6 578.3 0.01 74 30 24150 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -54.5 295 3 601.5 601.5 320.7 601.6 0.01 75 29 24369 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -54.6 96 2 607.4 607.4 320.9 607.4 0.01 76 26 25083 -48.1 -83.1 1 35.0 -51.5 132 8 639.1 639.1 322.3 639.3 0.02 77 22 26177 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -54.4 339 1 660.3 660.3 323.1 660.4 0.01 78 20 26800 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -53.0 90 8 685.3 685.3 324.0 685.4 0.02 79 18 27491 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -53.1 104 6 706.9 706.9 324.7 707.0 0.02 80 17 27865 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -53.4 70 9 717.9 717.9 325.0 718.0 0.02 81 16 28264 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -52.2 82 15 737.6 737.6 325.6 737.8 0.02 82 15 28690 -48.3 -83.3 1 35.0 -53.1 115 9 747.4 747.4 325.8 747.6 0.03 83 15 28690 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -52.4 115 9 751.4 751.4 326.0 751.6 0.03 84 13 29635 -48.3 -83.3 1 35.0 -53.6 105 13 778.6 778.6 326.7 778.8 0.03 85 13 29635 -45.7 -82.7 1 37.0 -52.1 105 13 787.6 787.6 327.0 787.9 0.03 86 12 30168 -45.3 -82.3 1 37.0 -52.1 75 16 807.2 807.3 327.4 807.6 0.04 87 11 30746 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -53.5 80 14 821.0 821.1 327.7 821.4 0.04 88 10 31380 -44.9 -81.9 1 37.0 -52.7 85 12 851.9 852.0 328.4 852.4 0.05 89 9.8 31515 -44.3 -82.3 1 38.0 -52.4 84 13 859.1 859.2 328.6 859.6 0.05 90 9.2 31937 -45.1 -82.1 1 37.0 -53.1 80 18 871.7 871.8 328.8 872.2 0.05 91 8.3 32629 -40.9 -80.9 1 40.0 -51.5 75 25 914.3 914.4 329.7 915.1 0.07 92 7.5 33318 -40.1 -80.1 1 40.0 -51.7 69 31 944.5 944.5 330.2 945.4 0.09 93 7.0 33790 -38.5 -79.5 1 41.0 -51.4 65 36 969.9 970.0 330.7 971.1 0.10 94 6.3 34512 -39.9 -80.9 0 41.0 -52.5 993.6 993.7 331.1 994.6 0.09 95 6.2 34622 -38.1 -80.1 0 42.0 -51.9 1005.9 1005.9 331.3 1007.1 0.11 96 5.8 35083 -36.3 -79.3 0 43.0 -51.6 1033.1 1033.2 331.7 1034.6 0.13 TRP 218 11585 -56.1 -63.1 41 7.0 -56.2 235 69 335.6 335.6 293.2 335.7 0.04 WND 230 11242 -53.4 -61.6 36 8.2 -53.6 230 70 334.5 334.5 293.0 334.7 0.04 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5669.00 m Freezing level: 630.80 mb = 3992.04 m = 13097.08 ft Wetbulb zero: 674.45 mb = 3448.76 m = 11314.69 ft Precipitable water: 1.11 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 59.10 % Est. max temperature: 26.54 C = 79.76 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 800.55 mb = 2038.67 m = 6688.47 ft T: 11.27 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.12 C/km ThetaE index: 3.86 C Layer 704.0- 701.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 733.06 mb = 2768.73 m = 9083.65 ft Mean mixing ratio: 8.09 g/kg Conv temperature: 29.40 C = 84.92 F Cap Strength: 3.03 C Lifted Index: -0.77 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 2.71 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.90 C Showalter Index: -1.24 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 52.40 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 29.70 C Cross Totals Index: 22.70 C K Index: 34.00 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 199.00 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.90 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 19.69 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.27 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 246.70 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.92 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 781.51 mb = 2239.62 m = 7347.75 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 526.51 mb = 5405.86 m = 17735.55 ft Equ Level (EL): 466.51 mb = 6321.81 m = 20740.59 ft B at Equ Level: 16.68 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 436.51 mb = 6817.31 m = 22366.22 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 235 at 11 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 970 405 330 5 2.5 -4.3 | 31 12 -6.5 -10.6 1 947 610 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 336 9 3.8 -8.6 2 925 810 310 9 6.9 -5.8 | 10 12 -2.1 -12.1 3 914 914 335 9 3.8 -8.2 | 20 15 -5.2 -14.5 4 882 1219 320 8 5.1 -6.1 | 17 13 -3.9 -12.4 5 850 1534 360 2 -0.0 -2.0 | 47 12 -9.0 -8.3 6 820 1829 70 2 -1.9 -0.7 | 57 13 -10.9 -7.0 7 791 2134 175 3 -0.3 3.0 | 70 10 -9.3 -3.3 8 762 2438 140 6 -3.9 4.6 | 82 13 -12.9 -1.7 9 735 2743 185 9 0.8 9.0 | 108 9 -8.2 2.7 10 708 3048 185 16 1.4 15.9 | 142 12 -7.6 9.6 11 700 3147 175 15 -1.3 14.9 | 130 13 -10.3 8.6 12 682 3353 185 12 1.0 12.0 | 125 10 -8.0 5.6 13 656 3658 180 11 0.0 11.0 | 118 10 -9.0 4.7 14 631 3962 205 11 4.6 10.0 | 130 6 -4.3 3.7 15 607 4267 195 10 2.6 9.7 | 118 7 -6.4 3.4 16 562 4877 195 20 5.2 19.3 | 164 14 -3.8 13.0 17 520 5486 215 22 12.6 18.0 | 197 12 3.6 11.7 18 500 5800 210 31 15.5 26.8 | 198 22 6.5 20.5 19 480 6096 205 39 16.5 35.3 | 194 30 7.5 29.0 20 461 6401 210 44 22.0 38.1 | 202 34 13.0 31.8 21 425 7010 230 35 26.8 22.5 | 228 24 17.8 16.2 22 400 7460 230 31 23.7 19.9 | 227 20 14.7 13.6 23 391 7620 230 31 23.7 19.9 | 227 20 14.7 13.6 24 375 7925 220 27 17.4 20.7 | 210 17 8.4 14.4 25 315 9144 225 36 25.5 25.5 | 221 25 16.5 19.2 26 300 9490 220 40 25.7 30.6 | 214 30 16.7 24.3 27 275 10058 220 47 30.2 36.0 | 216 36 21.2 29.7 28 251 10668 235 55 45.1 31.5 | 235 44 36.1 25.2 29 250 10700 230 67 51.3 43.1 | 229 56 42.3 36.8 30 230 11242 230 70 53.6 45.0 | 229 59 44.6 38.7 31 229 11278 230 70 53.6 45.0 | 229 59 44.6 38.7 32 218 11585 235 69 56.5 39.6 | 235 58 47.5 33.3 33 200 12140 235 57 46.7 32.7 | 235 46 37.7 26.4 34 198 12192 235 58 47.5 33.3 | 235 47 38.5 27.0 35 172 13106 240 29 25.1 14.5 | 243 18 16.1 8.2 36 164 13411 225 45 31.8 31.8 | 222 34 22.8 25.5 37 150 13990 245 32 29.0 13.5 | 250 21 20.0 7.2 38 142 14326 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 259 19 18.3 3.6 39 136 14630 230 28 21.4 18.0 | 227 17 12.5 11.7 40 129 14935 245 32 29.0 13.5 | 250 21 20.0 7.2 41 123 15240 240 20 17.3 10.0 | 246 9 8.3 3.7 42 117 15545 225 19 13.4 13.4 | 212 8 4.4 7.1 43 102 16459 235 17 13.9 9.8 | 235 6 4.9 3.4 44 100 16560 235 27 22.1 15.5 | 235 16 13.1 9.2 45 97 16764 235 27 22.1 15.5 | 235 16 13.1 9.2 46 92 17069 265 19 18.9 1.7 | 295 11 9.9 -4.6 47 88 17374 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 352 3 0.4 -2.9 48 80 17983 220 12 7.7 9.2 | 156 3 -1.3 2.9 49 76 18288 270 12 12.0 -0.0 | 335 7 3.0 -6.3 50 70 18790 120 8 -6.9 4.0 | 82 16 -15.9 -2.3 51 62 19507 215 11 6.3 9.0 | 135 4 -2.7 2.7 52 59 19812 215 10 5.7 8.2 | 120 4 -3.3 1.9 53 54 20422 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 55 11 -9.0 -6.3 54 50 20890 260 3 3.0 0.5 | 46 8 -6.0 -5.8 55 47 21336 340 4 1.4 -3.8 | 37 13 -7.6 -10.1 56 44 21641 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 48 21 -15.4 -14.0 57 39 22555 170 14 -2.4 13.8 | 123 14 -11.4 7.5 58 37 22860 155 13 -5.5 11.8 | 111 15 -14.5 5.5 59 35 23165 215 12 6.9 9.8 | 149 4 -2.1 3.5 60 30 24150 295 3 2.7 -1.3 | 40 10 -6.3 -7.6 61 29 24384 105 2 -1.9 0.5 | 62 12 -10.9 -5.8 62 25 25298 140 10 -6.4 7.7 | 95 15 -15.4 1.4 63 24 25603 175 14 -1.2 13.9 | 127 13 -10.2 7.6 64 23 25908 185 10 0.9 10.0 | 114 9 -8.1 3.7 65 22 26213 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 55 11 -9.0 -6.3 66 20 26800 90 8 -8.0 0.0 | 70 18 -17.0 -6.3 67 20 26822 135 10 -7.1 7.1 | 93 16 -16.1 0.8 68 19 27127 155 10 -4.2 9.1 | 102 14 -13.2 2.8 69 18 27432 110 6 -5.6 2.1 | 74 15 -14.6 -4.3 70 17 28042 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 55 21 -17.2 -12.0 71 16 28346 90 17 -17.0 0.0 | 76 27 -26.0 -6.3 72 15 28651 120 10 -8.7 5.0 | 86 18 -17.7 -1.3 73 14 28956 90 2 -2.0 0.0 | 60 13 -11.0 -6.3 74 14 29261 120 18 -15.6 9.0 | 96 25 -24.6 2.7 75 13 29566 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 85 21 -21.2 -1.9 76 12 30175 75 16 -15.5 -4.1 | 67 27 -24.5 -10.4 77 10 31380 85 12 -12.0 -1.0 | 71 22 -21.0 -7.4 78 7 33790 65 36 -32.6 -15.2 | 63 47 -41.6 -21.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 205.0 at 14.6 knts Storm direction: 235.0 at 11.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.9 neg: 0.2 tot: 3.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 92.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 99.5 neg: -40.5 tot: 59.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 19.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.32 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.9 stream: 3.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.46 Bulk Shear: 42.91 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 298 10 2 11| 4.1 0.0 4.1| 25.1 -29.8 -4.7 -9.4 -0.10| 21.8 -2.3 1000 311 9 11 12| 0.6 0.0 0.6| 40.2 -31.2 9.0 9.0 0.06| 14.2 0.9 1500 316 7 22 12| 2.3 0.0 2.3| 59.4 -31.2 28.2 18.8 0.22| 11.5 2.6 2000 312 6 25 11| 2.7 0.0 2.7| 71.3 -31.2 40.1 20.1 0.29| 10.3 2.9 2500 277 6 21 8| 3.5 0.0 3.5| 94.4 -31.2 63.2 25.3 0.40| 10.3 4.1 3000 216 8 89 5| 2.9 0.2 3.1| 99.5 -40.5 59.0 19.7 0.32| 9.9 3.2 4000 202 9 105 6| 2.0 0.1 2.1|105.9 -44.4 61.6 15.4 0.30| 8.6 2.6 5000 201 11 125 6| 2.5 0.1 2.6|142.1 -44.4 97.7 19.5 0.39| 8.3 3.3 6000 205 15 158 8| 2.9 1.1 4.0|183.4 -54.1 129.3 21.6 0.34| 9.1 3.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KMFR/skewt/KMFR.skewt.20250908.06.gif